RT-PCR Detection 16S rRNA Novel Mutations Associated with Helicobacter pylori Tetracycline Resistance in Iran

Helicobacter pylori infection is chronic situation that increases the risk of development of peptic ulcer disease, mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma (MALT), and gastric cancer. In many developing countries, such as Iran, H. pylori infect approximately 80 % of the population. Management of H. pylori infections is difficult, and relapse frequently occurs after successful eradication of the organism (Malfertheiner et al., 2007, MalekiMSc and SiavoshiPhD, 2013). Increasing rates of resistance to the antibiotic such as metronidazole and clarithromycin are result in therapy failures. Therefore, alternative treatments that include tetracyclines are recommended (Milani et al., 2012; Mansour-Ghanaei et al., 2013; Wang et al., 2014). Tetracyclines are bacteriostatic drugs which affecting the 30S subunit of the ribosome and block the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA, resulting in impaired protein biosynthesis (Gerrits et al., 2002). The tetracycline resistance to H. pylori is reported to be caused by mutations